• ACTis has raised one flag for DHA and placed three under monitoring.
• Actions taken by former and current Ministers and the DG to address alleged procurement irregularities indicate resilience. Two large contracts found to be irregular were dealt with decisively, illustrating effective accountability mechanisms.
• However, the Department’s continued use of a security company previously implicated in corruption allegations at other state entities, together with persistent weaknesses in internal controls, raises concerns about ongoing vulnerabilities in procurement oversight.
• Weak financial control systems, whether resulting from deliberate interference or inadequate oversight, can facilitate repeated irregular or corrupt transactions, creating opportunities for networks of officials and private actors to benefit over time.